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A Date Certain: Lessons from Limited Life Foundations

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A Date Certain - Lessons from Limited Life Foundations Cover
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The limited life approach in philanthropy has received increased attention in recent years. But across foundations, perpetuity is often still seen to be the default, and there is considerable uncertainty about the practice of spending down.

To learn more about limited life foundations’ decisions to spend down — and the ways in which they grapple with several important issues along their journey to pursuing their goals in a finite period of time — CEP conducted in-depth interviews with leaders of 11 limited life foundations.

Resulting from these interviews, this report illustrates the ways in which limited life foundations approach spending down in nine key areas, including investing, grantmaking and strategy, and communications. The research shows that most leaders of limited life foundations choose to spend down because of the belief that it will lead to greater impact. And though these foundations’ leaders wrestle with a similar set of issues in their work, our interviews revealed that there is no one way to spend down.

Accompanying the report is a companion publication of case studies of three of the foundations featured in the report: the Lenfest Foundation, the S.D. Bechtel, Jr. Foundation, and Brainerd Foundation.

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What Boards and Executives Need to Know About Private Foundations

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Cover photo for ask CMF report entitled What Boards and Executives need to know about Private Foundations
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Board members and staff of philanthropic institutions regularly reach out to CMF to orient themselves to the unique legal regulations and best practices of private foundations. As a subset of 501(c)(3) organizations, private foundations have many similarities to public charities, but have additional rules and regulations that must be followed. This resource is intended to provide an orientation to private foundations, including their common areas of activity and key regulated spaces that both new and experienced staff and board members should be prepared to navigate in their work.

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Avoiding Conflicts of Interest and Self-Dealing for Family Foundation Boards

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Federal law regarding conflicts of interest and self-dealing at foundations can be complex and confusing. Family foundation boards that are eager to comply with both the letter and spirit of the law should understand the legal definition of “disqualified persons” as well as the variety of rules for certain regulated activities. These rules prohibit the trustees themselves, certain family members, managers, and other “disqualified persons” from benefiting from the philanthropic activities of the foundation.

Although far-reaching and pervasive, the rules do permit certain activities, such as purchasing investment services from a disqualified person for a fair price. The rules discourage most other business and financial dealings between a private foundation and its disqualified persons, no matter how fair or reasonable. When in doubt, prudent trustees should always consult legal counsel.

These resource topics include:

  • The history of self-dealing rules
  • Definitions related to "who is a disqualified person?"
  • General rules and examples related to self-dealing
  • Investments and self-dealing 
  • Definitions for reasonable compensation
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